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MIMO Systems

MIMO Systems

In modern radio communications (particularly commercial cellular and Wi-Fi), Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) is a common method of utilizing multiple transmitting and receiving antennas to increase the capacity of the radio link, reduce errors, and maximize speed. As user demand for bandwidth and data speed have grown, MIMO systems have been integral in the evolution of modern communication systems including cellular communications, Wi-Fi networks and many more.

This article will explore the origins of MIMO technology and explain how concepts of polarization diversity and spatial diversity enable these systems to scale capacity for higher data rates and multiple simultaneous connections to user equipment. Use of MIMO in LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) communications and Wi-Fi 6/6E are then described by way of example.

Extending Power and Dynamic Range in E-Band Backhaul Test Sets

Extending Power and Dynamic Range in E-Band Backhaul Test Sets

According to Ericsson’s 2022 Mobility Report, global mobile data traffic is expected to grow by a factor of 4 to 325 Exabytes total per month or 46 GB per smartphone on average by 2028, excluding Fixed Wireless Access usage.1 Network operators’ ability to support this rapid growth in consumption hinges on the speed and capacity of the backhaul systems connecting base stations to the core networks. Accordingly, the market for cellular backhaul equipment is projected to grow by 12.6% CAGR from 17.85B to 32.29B USD between 2020 and 2025. Looking more narrowly at E-Band systems still in nascent stages of development, that growth rate jumps to 22.3% (534M to 1.46B over the same period).1

Mini-Circuits Test Equipment Adapts to Your Changing Needs

ZTM-series modular test systems consist of individual hardware modules that are easy to swap out and reconfigure as needed.

Mini-Circuits ZTM-series modular test system adapts to your changing needs. The system is designed with complete flexibility to replace old hardware and swap out one component for another without returning equipment to the factory for service. The company’s hand-flex cables can be used to connect hundreds of possible routing configurations.

Affordable Solutions for Testing 28 GHz 5G Devices with Your 6 GHz Lab Instrumentation

Affordable Solutions for Testing 28 GHz 5G Devices with Your 6 GHz Lab Instrumentation

The capabilities that define the 5G wireless standard will require utilization of wider bandwidths across more regions of spectrum than any current wireless technology.  5G communications will eventually occupy multiple bands from below 6 GHz to above 60 GHz.  For now, much of the development effort is divided among sub-6 GHz bands for vehicular connectivity and longer-range transmissions, and the 26, 28, 38 and 60 GHz bands for enhanced mobile broadband applications.  The migration to higher frequencies and the multi-band nature of the technology pose a variety of unique challenges for designers developing 5G devices and network equipment.  Significant among these is the high cost of instrumentation for test and measurement over such a wide range of frequencies.

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Aharon

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